Today, we often see Black History Month as a time where well-known Black people are identified and celebrated. Individuals from the civil rights movement including Martin Luther King, Jr., Medgar Evers, Malcom X, Rosa Parks, and Harriet Tubman are frequently remembered and celebrated for their life changing contributions to the pursuit of equal rights and justice for all. We cannot ignore the courage and unfettered determination demonstrated when they chose to risk their lives and livelihood solely to pursue what was right and to end a wrong.
We also remember our athlete heroes: Jackie Robinson, Muhammad Ali, and Arthur Ash. We honor them for paving the way for the Colin Kaepernick's of today. We watch in awe while Ruby Dee, Diahann Carroll, Dorothy Dandridge, and Cicely Tyson taught little black girls that they are beautiful and can grace the big screen. Meanwhile, Sidney Poitier, James Earl Jones and Sammy Davis Jr. taught young black men that they were strong both inside and out and had options outside of working the fields.
As lawyers, we speak in high regard of Thurgood Marshall who rose to the United States Supreme Court after a career of fighting for the rights of Black people. We hold him in high regard and respect him with gratitude for his compelling argument before the Supreme Court in the well-known case, Brown v. Board of Education. Today, we celebrate the first Black female Vice President of the United States in Kamala Harris, soon to be followed by the first Black female justice of the United States Supreme Court.
Recognition
The individuals listed above and their contributions, as well as those of other well-known activists, leaders and scholars, are important to remember. Although we honor them and undoubtedly value their sacrifices, we often fail to take the time to pay tribute to the unspoken heroes in Black History that made some of the largest sacrifices while making some of the most significant contributions to our society. This Black History Month, I implore you to remember the ancestors of us all. The brave souls who you do not read about in the newspaper, see on television, or find during an internet search. This month, please take a moment to pause and recognize the heroes nobody speaks of because their fight was a silent one.
In 2022, there admittedly is access to education for the Black person in America that once was not known. We know today that we have rights, whether those rights are honored and respected or not. We have tools our ancestors did not previously have, which allow us to air our grievances in a way they could not. However, we must recognize that it was not that long ago that Black heroes had to use alternate means to express their grievances.
We are all too familiar with 14-year-old Emmett Till, and the gruesome nature of his death: being lynched for "offending" a white woman in a grocery store. It was not that long ago, in September 1955, a mere month after his murder, when an all-white jury of their peers acquitted his killers. We focus on the gruesome nature of the open casket at his funeral, but we pay less attention to the strength and character of his mother, Mamie Till Bradley, who is the one that insisted on an open casket for the purpose of showing the world what had been done to her baby boy. Ms. Bradley could have spared herself the pain and suffering associated from the exposure of her child's mutilated body, but she recognized that this moment in time was bigger than her personal suffering and pain. It was, sadly, larger than her son's death. She knew that history would remember this and force people to see the injustice that plagued our country.
We often forget that there are countless Mamie Till Bradleys in our history. Ms. Bradley powerfully stated, "When people saw what had happened to my son, men stood up who had never stood up before." We owe the deepest amount of gratitude to the Mamie Till Bradley's of past. It is because of the Mamie Till Bradley's that the world was forced to see the reality of injustice that plagued the United States. It is because of the Mamie Till Bradley's that we are one step closer on the long road towards justice.
Responsibility
Whether you are a descendant of African slaves or not, it is undeniable that their contribution has had a positive impact on the United States and our lives in general. As a nation, we have a responsibility to respect, recognize and honor these contributions. From economic growth to soul food all the way down to Motown, the United States is better because of the contributions the forgotten made to our collective human race.
We all know about the atrocities surrounding slavery. Human life being sold at auction, families being torn apart, and unimaginable physical and psychological abuse, often resulting in death. While we never want to celebrate slavery, it would be disingenuous to deny the significant contributions indentured servants made to the foundation of this country. African slaves built the economic backbone of the United States, generating massive amounts of wealth based upon an unpaid labor market. Every industry has benefited from the blood, sweat and tears associated with the work slaves performed as slavery itself is well known as “America's First Big Business.” New research titled, "The Contribution of Enslaved Workers to Output and Growth in the Antebellum United States" provides actual estimates of the economic impact the work of enslaved workers provided to financial growth between 1839-1850. The research, conducted by Mark Stelzner of Connecticut College and Sven Beckert of Harvard University, confirms that "slavery was an important institution for economic development in the United States, and the unrequited labor of enslaved women, men and children helped produce in significant ways the nation's economic expansion in the two decades before the Civil War."
To put this in perspective, I will share a discussion I had with my friend, Ricardo Woods. We were discussing the impact of slavery on the growth of the country when he said, "Stacy, imagine your law firm has a team of lawyers who were required to bill a certain number of hours per month, and if they failed to do so, faced dire consequences. There are no labor laws protecting them from your discrimination, harassment, or hostile work environment. Next imagine that you never had to pay this team of lawyers, while keeping the income generated from their work because there are no wage and hour laws you are required to follow. Think about how profitable your firm would be...." Despite feeling well-versed on slavery and its fiscal benefit to the United States, this example jarred me. It compelled me to see more clearly in connection with my status in a law firm, the fiscal impact unpaid labor had on a multitude of industries and individuals. Therefore, we should recognize and pay tribute this Black History Month to the indentured servants who worked tirelessly under unimaginable conditions. We should all recognize that what we have today is due, in large part, because they gave so much and lost even more.
As a Black girl growing up in the United States, food was a very big deal. My trips to Texas to visit family revolved around the food and comradery cooked up in the kitchen. Recipes handed down for generations, originally created from the leftover foods the slave owners did not want to eat, are some of the tastiest dishes you can find today. Black people learned how to cook with love and flavor, bringing their culture and traditions from Africa. Many people do not realize that some of the most popular dishes today either hailed from Africa or were developed in slave communities. African crops such as okra, rice, kidney beans, lima beans, watermelon, and yams traveled to the Americas with slaves. These crops eventually became the cuisine of not only Africans, but white Americans, and they continue to impact cuisines today. Many DRI members, including myself, enjoy seminars in New Orleans, primarily for the food. It was enslaved Africans who cleared the forests, raised crops and built the New Orleans infrastructure back in 1700's. The food is creole cuisine, originating from good old-fashioned soul food. The beautiful part of New Orleans cuisine is the combination of African cuisine, French cuisines, Spanish cuisine, and Native American cuisine. It represents the melting pot of our pallet. This Black History Month, we should pay tribute to the countless forgotten women and girls of slavery who lovingly created tasty cuisines for their families that continue to feed us today.
Music was also a particularly vital component of slavery. Singing was a form of communication that originated during the voyage from Africa to the United States. Singing was a common way for Africans to express feelings amongst one another in their native language. It is rumored that Harriet Tubman utilized music to warn slaves of their need to hide their scent from dogs on their trail. "Wade in the Water" is a popular song that people believe was used to instruct escaping slaves to hide under water to avoid capture. Drums also became a communication tool for slaves, allowing them to replicate tones of speech that were heard from several miles away. Music served as a way for the slaves to maintain that critical connection to one another. In the fields, the workers would often sing songs that combined African music with Christian music, dancing as they sang. These sounds made their mark on musicians in the United States, providing an important backdrop to the blues, jazz, rock, and pop we listen to today. This Black History Month, we recognize the unknown musicians who created the sound that comforts us, excites us and allows us to continue to express sorrow and joy today.
Conclusion
While Black History Month is a wonderful time to demonstrate respect and compassion for the indentured servants of yesterday, the best gift one can truly give in their memory is the much-needed compassion for their descendants living within our challenging world today. The news and media are regularly displaying the ongoing injustices of our society that continue to plague and often terrorize Black people in America. We honor the past by doing better in the future.
Stacy Douglas is a Partner and Director of Diversity & Inclusion with Everett Dorey LLP. She is a member of the National Bar Association and is an active member of the Defense Research Institute, having served on the Board of its Diversity Committee. Ms. Douglas is currently Vice-Chair of DRI’s Diversity & Inclusion Committee and serves as the Annual Meeting Chair for DRI’s 2021 Annual Meeting.